Buffers and solutions

Introduction Various authors (Gomori, 1955; Pearse 1980) are cited as a source for buffer composition, although it should be said that probably the first author specifying this buffer was Walpole (1914). However, the composition of the cited buffers is really similar. Thanks to the pH variability and composition of available compounds, it is sometimes the first…

Introduction The authorship is often contributed to Gomori (1955) but Gomori is in this publication citing an article that is seven years older (Lillie 1948) as original source. Citrate buffer is a universal buffer used in various reactions. It is sometimes combined with sodium citrate or completely replaced by sodium citrate buffer. However, alkalized citrate…

The Laemmli sample buffer or Laemmli buffer is used for loading and better resolving of SDS-PAGE gels. In this article, you will learn the preparation and principle of the buffer in step-by-step.

The TBE buffer (Tris Borate EDTA buffer) is used in DNA/RNA electrophoresis. In this article, you learn how to prepare TBE step-by-step.

Ponceau S staining solution preparation, staining and destaining procedures were discussed in detail.

Tris buffered saline (TBS) is isotonic and non-toxic. TBS provide optimal conditions for antigen – antibody interactions. TBS composed of Tris and NaCl. While the former component gives the buffering capability, the later one helps in tonicity.

In this article, you will learn preparation of 0.1 to 0.5M EDTA step by step. EDTA is a widely used chelating agent in biochemistry and molecular biology.

Tris buffer is used in various methods ranging from DNA extraction to Gel electrophoresis. In this article you learn the preparation of Tris buffer step-by-step.

TE buffers or Tris-EDTA buffer is used for storage of nucleic acids. In this article, you will learn TE buffer preparation step-by-step.

TAE buffer is used in electrophoresis. In this post you learn preparation of TAE buffer step-by-step.

PBS-T is washing buffer used in many methods. Here you will learn the composition and uses of PBS-T buffer.

Paraformaldehyde (PFA) is widely used fixative for IHC and fluorescent protein samples. in this post, you learn preparation of PFA fixative step-by-step.

Composition and preparation of Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) is explained in step-by-step. PBS is used as base component for many other buffers like PBS-T, 4 % PFA etc..